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History is honest and revealing
There have been various states and empires, Islamic and non-Islamic (European) that have existed throughout history,
Islamic Empires: The Abbasid Caliphate, the Ottoman Empire, and the Mughal Empire are just a few examples of the vast Islamic empires that have shaped the course of history.
European Empires: The Roman Empire, the British Empire, and the French Empire were among the most influential European empires.
Asian Empires: The Chinese Empire, the Persian Empire, and the Indian Empire were major powers in Asia.
African Empires: The Mali Empire, the Songhai Empire, and the Ethiopian Empire were significant empires in Africa.
These empires often had a profound impact on the development of national identities, cultural traditions, and political systems within their territories. While the concept of nationalism may not have been explicitly defined in the same way as it is today, the idea of belonging to a particular state or empire was certainly important in shaping people’s sense of identity and loyalty.
A question that needs to be answered; What exactly happened? why many thrived to reach technological literacy and freedom of choice, and many despite thriving, remained stagnant, technologically illiterate and with no freedom of choice.
