Essay

Beyond the United States and President Trump’s still-undisclosed strategy, the recently announced Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with Iran has raised significant concerns that Washington may once again be caught off guard, much as it was during the Obama and Biden administrations. For half a century, the Islamic Republic of Iran has consistently employed tactics of…

اگر با نگاهی تیزبین و هوشمندانه به روزهای آغازین ریاست‌جمهوری دونالد ترامپ در سال ۲۰۱۶ و سپس به دوره جدید ریاست او نظر بیندازیم، همان‌طور که بارها در گفتگوهایمان به آن اشاره کردیم، الگوی رویدادهای این روزهای اخیر در تعاملات ترامپ با جمهوری اسلامی به وضوح قابل مشاهده است. از همان روزهای اول، با وجود…

In the aftermath of the past six months—marked by the devastating 12-day war between Israel and Iran, the extensive American air campaign against Iran, and the horrific massacre of 42,000 innocent Iranian protestors by the Islamic Republic in December 2025 and January 2026—recent developments have only deepened the sense of injustice. The recent Memorandum of…

Introduction Maritime piracy has profoundly influenced the course of global trade and security for thousands of years, flourishing in regions where state authority is weak or absent and retreating only when confronted by sustained naval power and effective governance. In his influential 2009 essay for Foreign Affairs, “Pirates, Then and Now,” Max Boot offers a sweeping…

I have been diligently monitoring recent developments, particularly the bold actions and controversies associated with President Trump’s administration. This includes a range of issues from illegal immigration, the imposition of tariffs, to the complexities of an ongoing trade war. Additionally, the situation in Ukraine, the tensions with Russia, the rising conflicts with China, and the…

Overview of Protest Fatalities Reports regarding the 2025–2026 Iranian protests highlight significant casualties among demonstrators, with at least 31 protesters confirmed dead at the hands of security forces as of January 5, 2026. Some sources claim the death toll may be 40 or higher, including at least four individuals under the age of 18. These…

افزایش آگاهی و دیدگاه‌های جهانی امید، نیرویی اثیری که در زندگی ما جاری است، چراغی از نور در میان تاریک‌ترین زمان‌هاست. این احساسی ناملموس اما قدرتمند است که رویاهای ما را تغذیه می‌کند، شور و اشتیاق ما را شعله‌ور می‌سازد و ما را علی‌رغم سختی‌ها به پیش می‌راند. در این مقاله، به اهمیت عمیق امید،…

It is a well-established fact that politicians and diplomats from many nations often resort to falsehoods or misleading statements to advance their agendas, even in times of peace. However, during periods of war and conflict, these distortions are frequently amplified, evolving into tools of propaganda and, at times, outright threats. In such turbulent times, the…

In the latest issue of Foreign Affairs, Federica Mogherini and Sahil V. Shah present an analysis of the ongoing crisis surrounding Iran’s nuclear program, focusing on the aftermath of the recent U.S.-Iran military confrontation and the fragile cease-fire that followed. Their article, “Tehran Needs Positive Incentives, Not Just Pressure,” argues that the current diplomatic window is…

    The Warsaw Pact: An Expanded Historical Overview The Warsaw Pact, officially known as the Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance, was a military alliance established on May 14, 1955, in Warsaw, Poland. Its creation was a direct response to the integration of West Germany (the Federal Republic of Germany) into the North…